In any organization, several frameworks guide how activities are carried out. Three common frameworks are policy, process, and procedure. Although these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, there are important differences between them. In this article, we will explore the differences between policy, process, and procedure.
Policy
A policy is a high-level statement of intent that guides decision-making and action. It provides a framework for making consistent and informed decisions. Policies are usually developed by senior management and approved by the board of directors or other governing bodies. They often reflect the organization's values, mission, and strategic objectives.
A policy should be broad enough to allow for flexibility in decision-making but also clear enough to provide guidance on how to handle different situations. For example, a company might have a policy on data privacy that outlines the organization's commitment to protecting customer information, but it might not provide specific instructions on how to implement security measures. The policy would, however, set the tone for decision-making around data privacy issues.
Process
A process is a series of steps or activities that are carried out to achieve a specific outcome. Processes are usually developed to ensure that tasks are completed efficiently and consistently. They provide a structured approach to carrying out tasks and can help to identify bottlenecks, duplication of effort, or opportunities for improvement.
Processes often involve multiple departments and may be supported by technology or other resources. For example, a company might have a hiring process that includes steps such as creating job descriptions, posting job ads, screening resumes, conducting interviews, and making job offers. The hiring process would outline the sequence of steps required to find the right candidate for the job.
Procedure
A procedure is a detailed set of instructions that outlines how a specific task is to be carried out. Procedures are often used to ensure that tasks are completed consistently and accurately. They provide a level of detail that is not included in policies or processes and can help to ensure that work is carried out to a high standard.
Procedures are often developed at the operational level and may be used by front-line staff to carry out tasks. For example, a company might have a procedure for reconciling bank statements that outlines the steps required to match transactions and identify discrepancies. The procedure would provide specific instructions on how to carry out the task and ensure that it is completed accurately.
In conclusion, while policy, process, and procedure are related concepts, they serve different purposes. Policies provide a high-level framework for decision-making, processes provide a structured approach to achieving outcomes, and procedures provide detailed instructions for carrying out specific tasks. By understanding these differences, organizations can develop effective frameworks that ensure consistent and high-quality work.
